ASTR 103 - Astronomy

Glossary - F


Latest Modification: March 5, 2003

faculae
Enhanced bright regions best observed near the Sun's edge.
field of force
Region of space of each point of which a given physical quantity (a force) has some definite value; for example, a gravitational or magnetic field.
filament
Slender wisp or drawn-out form of gaseous material moving outward from an object.
fireball
Exceptionally brilliant meteor.
fission (nuclear)
The spontaneous disintegration of the nucleus of the atom.
flare
Sudden energetic eruption of radiation in the Sun's chromosphere.
flare star
orange or red dwarf star that exhibits sudden, brief, unpredictable outbursts of radiation.
flash spectrum
bright-line spectrum of the Sun's chromospheric layer momentarily observed after the start and before the finish of the total phase of the eclipse.
flux
rate of flow of energy.
focal length
distance from a lens or mirror to the focus.
focal ratio
focal length of a lens or mirror divided by its aperture. The smaller the focal ratio, the greater the speed of the optical system.
focus
place where the light rays form an object in an optical system converge to form the image of the object.
forbidden lines
spectral lines originating in a gaseous medium of exceedingly low density, where the probability of their occurrence is high compared with that under ordinary laboratory conditions.
force
a push or pull that causes a body to change its state of motion.
frame of reference
Fraunhofer lines
the most prominent dark lines in the solar spectrum first mapped by J. Fraunhofer in 1814.
free-free radiation
radiation emitted by an electron as it approaches an atomic nucleus and is deflected by it without capture.
Friedmann universe
frequency
number of electromagnetic waves that pass by a given point each second.
F star
A star of spectral type F with a surface temperature of about 6000 to 7500 K in whose spectrum absorption lines of Ca II K of hydrogen are prominent.
fusion (nuclear)
Thermonuclear synthesis of heavier elements form lighter ones.


Physics & Astronomy Department, George Mason University
Maintained by J. C. Evans; jevans@gmu.edu